Ogy Sorai ( 1666 - 1728) With an HPI of 50.66, Ogy Sorai is the 10th most famous Philosopher. The 25 Most Influential Psychologists of All TimeA Study Starter, Best Online Bachelors of English Degree Programs for 2022, 30 Common Logical FallaciesA Study Starter, Best Online Bachelors in Philosophy Degree Programs Ranked for 2022, Best Colleges and Universities for Philosophy Degrees, Study Guide to Faust by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, 20 Wars That Shaped the Modern WorldA Study Starter, Boost Your Study Skills with Study Starters, Best Research Universities for Philosophy Degrees. Italian poet, literary poet, literature theorist, ethical philosopher, and social figure Dante Alighieri is best known for The Divine Comedy, an epic poem. We hope this was enlightening for you. Plato (left) and Aristotle (right) in Raphaels 1509 fresco,The School of Athens. Their most notable profession was Philosopher. He began his career as a classical philologist before turning to philosophy. His influence on Western thought is considerable, and much of modern philosophy developed or opposed his ideas, particularly in the areas of ethics, natural law, metaphysics, and political theory. First described the concept of angst, defining it as a dread the comes from anxieties over choice, freedom, and ambiguous feelings. Averroes was a strong proponent of Aristotelianism; he attempted to restore what he considered the original teachings of Aristotle and opposed the Neoplatonist tendencies of earlier Muslim thinkers, such as Al-Farabi and Avicenna. Heidegger uses an analysis of Dasein to approach the question of the meaning of being, which Heidegger scholar Michael Wheeler describes as concerned with what makes beings intelligible as beings. God of Abraham, not of the intellectuals and savants, he says in his conversion memorial. The Passions of the Soul and Other Late Philosophical Writings, The Order of Things: An Archaeology of the Human Sciences, The Archaeology of Knowledge: And the Discourse on Language, Discipline & Punish: The Birth of the Prison, An Enquiry Concerning the Principles of Morals, Concluding Unscientific Postscript to Philosophical Fragments, Volume 1, Critique of Hegels Philosophy Of Right, Capital: Volume 1: A Critique of Political Economy, Critique of Dialectical Reason, Volume One. His thought has influenced academics, especially those working in communication studies, anthropology, psychology, sociology, criminology, cultural studies, literary theory, feminism, Marxism and critical theory. His only other published works were an article, Some Remarks on Logical Form (1929), a book review, and a childrens dictionary. Philosophers add to life at all ages, demonstrating that every one of us has one concealed within us. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". In his early work, he elaborated critiques of historicism and of psychologism in logic based on analyses of intentionality. Let's take a look at some memorable teachings and background information about some of the greatest philosophers of all time. Active in movements against racism, human rights abuses, prisoner abuses, and marginalization of the mentally ill, he is often cited as a major influence in movements for social justice, human rights, and feminism. Karl Marx (Germany/UK, 1818-1883) Known for: Marxism. In contrast to rationalists such as Descartes, Hume was preoccupied with the way that passions (as opposed to reason) govern human behavior. Julien Josset, founder. On 15 lists. Mary Wollstonecraft was a revolutionary in the respect that she wanted to close the gap between humanitys current state and ultimate perfection. 2 Plato. Up until they were banned in the Communist takeover of 1959, Taoism was one of the main religions of China, existing alongside Confucianism and Buddhism. He also believed that anxiety was derived from irrational desires, and by eliminating the fear of punishment and death, you could relieve yourself of anxiety and find happiness. Beginning with A Treatise of Human Nature, Hume strove to create a naturalistic science of man that examined the psychological basis of human nature. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". Philosophys duty, according to Foucault, is to authentically represent human relations to reality and to indicate how we should behave in society. John Stuart Mill , usually cited as J. S. Mill, was an English philosopher, political economist, and civil servant. Such is to say that it is nearly impossible to sum up the impact of Platos ideas on science, ethics, mathematics, or the evolution of thought itself other than to say it has been total, permeating, and inexorable from the tradition of rigorous thinking itself. This orientation provided a newly concreted framework for considering questions of ethics, politics, knowledge, and theology. He was also in a unique position to prevail directly over thinking throughout the known world, tutoring a young Alexander the Great at the request of the future conquerors father, Phillip II of Macedon. Most philosophers who followed both those who echoed and those who opposed his ideas owed a direct debt to his wide-ranging influence. Aristotle was a Greek philosopher and polymath during the Classical period in Ancient Greece. In it, he developed his theory of experience to answer the question of whether synthetic a priori knowledge is possible, which would in turn make it possible to determine the limits of metaphysical inquiry. He was not, however, a well-liked thinker during his lifetime, and it was only after his passing that the profundity of his work became widely recognized. We just get the ball rolling. Plato 2. Kants comprehensive and systematic works in epistemology, metaphysics, ethics, and aesthetics have made him one of the most influential figures in modern Western philosophy. Voltaires criticisms were so relentless, and he was so adept at using both wit and reason, that we cant help but love him today, and he is revered as a renowned thinker from the era known as the Age of Enlightenment. He also believed that if a ruler does not adhere to individuals rights, the people had the right to remove the king by force. Alfred North Whitehead once noted: the safest general characterization of the European philosophical tradition is that it consists of a series of footnotes to Plato. Unlike the work of nearly all of his contemporaries, Platos entire body of work is believed to have survived intact for over 2,400 years. And yet, he was recognized by his contemporaries as a genius. Nietzsche is probably the most influential philosopher on my own thinking, if only because he shattered many of my pre-existing beliefs and illusions. His ideas might be summarized as a comprehensive investigation of transgression beyond societal boundaries, which is inextricably linked to knowledge and power. Like other famous philosophers, Descartes felt that reasoning was the key to comprehending the natural environment and sciences. Thoma. It is apparent that many of these ideas and philosophies are still very much referred to in modern-day society. He has been described as the most influential such . Considered one of the first of the British empiricists, following the tradition of Sir Francis Bacon, Locke is equally important to social contract theory. This list of famous Philosophers is sorted by HPI (Historical Popularity Index), a metric that aggregates information on a biography's online popularity. Leibniz was a prolific author, and his whole writings have yet to be fully gathered. What perhaps most distinguishes Kant is his innate desire to find a synthesis between rationalists like Descartes and empiricists like Hume, to decipher a middle ground that defers to human experience without descending into skepticism. In his natural philosophy, he differed from the schools on two major points: first, he rejected the splitting of corporeal substance into matter and form; second, he rejected any appeal to final ends, divine or natural, in explaining natural phenomena. Plato abandoned his literary endeavors and dedicated himself to Socrates, even during his trial and conviction, and created the basic philosophic writings of the ancient world that influenced world civilization. He is regarded as one of the most prominent American scholars in the first half of the twentieth century. His biography has been translated into 18 different languages. But think fast, because these mindblowers come at a furious pace. Major Philosophers Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, Epicurus, Descartes, Spinoza, Rousseau, Kant, Hegel, Nietzsche, Marx, Sartre, Heidegger, Tocqueville Mission The-Philosophy helps high-school & university students but also curious people on human sciences to quench their thirst for knowledge. Highly informative resources to keep your education journey on track. Within this construct, he viewed personal choice and commitment as preeminent. The endlessly little world was shown by the microscope, and the universes vastness was disclosed by the telescope. Edmund Gustav Albrecht Husserl was a German philosopher who established the school of phenomenology. His moral concept is one of liberation. His voluminous manuscripts were edited and published posthumously. When a debate of the senses is held, this idea is carried a step further. Moral assessment and moral duty would be inconceivable without human freedom, Kant believed. He often distinguished himself by refuting or attempting to undo the ideas of those that came before him. Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) Who were the 3 main philosophers? Get the latest information and tips about everything Art with our bi-weekly newsletter, Exploring Important Philosophers Through the Ages. Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel was a German philosopher and an important figure in German idealism. Confucianism would engage in historic push-pull with the philosophies of Buddhism and Taoism, experiencing ebbs and flows in influence, its high points coming during the Han (206 BCE220 CE), Tang (618907 CE), and Song (9601296 CE) Dynasties. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. In fact, there are some historians who even question whether or not Lao-Tzu was a real person. Aristotle was born in Stageira, Greece in -384 BC. Locke strongly believed in all persons rights to life, liberty, and property, and refuted the divine right of kings. Martin Heidegger was a German philosopher and a seminal thinker in the Continental tradition of philosophy. Kants views continue to have a major influence on contemporary philosophy, especially the fields of epistemology, ethics, political theory, and post-modern aesthetics. However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. His contribution to social theory, political theory and political economy. Communism. Take a look at our greatest philosophers webstory here! Mill was also a proponent of utilitarianism, which holds that the best action is one that maximizes utility, or stated more simply, one that provide the greatest benefit to all. Arguing that transcendental consciousness sets the limits of all possible knowledge, Husserl redefined phenomenology as a transcendental-idealist philosophy. Thales of Miletus (624-548 BC) 2. Pascal wanted to show that Christianity is true in the framework of 17th-century philosophy. Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803 82) . Friedrich Nietzsche was a poet, cultural critic, and philosopher, as well as possessor of among the most gifted minds in human history. This compensation does not influence our school rankings, resource guides, or other editorially-independent information published on this site. Along with Charles Sanders Peirce, James established the philosophical school known as pragmatism, and is also cited as one of the founders of functional psychology. Her opinions were divisive during her lifetime and remain so today. His book Leviathan, about social structure and government, has made him famous. It is located in the Muse Antoine Lcuyer in Saint Germaine, France. His metaphysics and speculative philosophy are founded on a reasonable comprehension of the idea of nature. For Beuchot the equivocality is the difference between the application and the meaning of things. Most of the names below will be familiar, though you might find a few surprises. This gave him access to an extensive body of writing and artifacts, which he synthesized into his own poetry and prose. Plato was one of the most important Ancient Greek philosophers, who contributed greatly to the fields of mathematics, metaphysics, politics, art, and poetry. Platos Theory of Forms asserts, simply expressed, that there is a higher realm of reality than our sense-perceived world and that our sense-perceived world is but a mirror of it. Voltaire (1694 - 1778) 3. He was regarded as the smartest man on earth because he did not profess to know anything important. Philosophers, also known as thinkers, seek out the underlying meaning of phenomena and then develop them in a system of thinking. *Socrates and Plato are inseparable from one another in the history of thought and are therefore inseparable in our ranking. British. Along with his famous student Aristotle and equally famous teacher Socrates, Plato is considered one of the founders of spirituality and Western religion. Lao-Tzu, another top ten philosopher, developed a theory that is strongly connected to Taoism. Both of these streams of philosophy have had a huge impact on later philosophical history. Nonetheless, Leibnizs later years were overshadowed by a bitter feud with Isaac Newton about who invented calculus first, and he was frequently mocked in court for his old-fashioned garb. Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz was a prominent German polymath and one of the most important logicians, mathematicians and natural philosophers of the Enlightenment. Karl Popper - signature thesis: science is not about finding confirming evidence for a theory, but about striving hard to find disconfirming evidence. From 1929 to 1947, Wittgenstein taught at the University of Cambridge. Laozi was an Ancient Chinese philosopher, the writer of the Tao Te Ching, the founder of Taoism, and is now considered a deity within Shenism and many branches of traditional Chinese religion, making him a multitudinarian. Ren Descartes (1596 - 1650) 2. The ancient Greek philosophers were essential in building the groundwork for the world today, looking for significance in everyday life and forming their reflections into a framework of philosophical concepts. His service as an international diplomat on behalf of France also influenced his understanding of social constructs throughout history and how they have served to enforce racial, religious, and sexual inequality.
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