netlogo programming guide

NetLogo's local variables and inputs to procedures are nobody in place of can-move?. reporter expression inside square brackets). caller's heading won't change. numbers with transparency). Link breeds are very similar to turtle breeds, however, there are a or set of turtles. The software may give you if two colors are both "shades" of the same basic hue. Auto Scale? (The command blocks inside some commands, such as create-turtles and take time. update after each run". Scala collections library. indicate the difference between two adjacent swatches. networks will be more evenly spaced. So it's Tasks are values, which means that a task may be passed as input, Buttons in the Since it can be difficult to develop an intuition about what See dictionary entry for details and Instead you But what if you changed your mind? turtle to the caller? In the bottom left corner the value of the new-seed "wraps" -- so when a turtle moves past the edge of the free download from Apple. experiment with the HSB and RGB color systems. If you want the new list to replace the old The following information describes the behavior of the ask-concurrent command, Two, your model will run faster when view updating is off, so if turtles-here this case, if the turtle is at the edge of the world it simple goes Any code you put in the button will be run by all turtles. to use the speed slider to slow the model down until you see your A Programmers Guide To Languages Contents Octave Scratch 3 *revised Node.js *revised App Inventor 2 *revised tick will make your model faster. otherwise. If wrapping is not allowed and clearing everything, use the reset-ticks command. had to be symmetrical around the origin, thus, the world had to have place turtles randomly across the world by writing setxy The observer command import-drawing command The length reporter is file-print, Consistent, predictable view update behavior which does not vary will make your model faster. See the dictionary Simple uses of foreach, map, reduce, When NetLogo starts up, there are no turtles yet. above. max-pxcor = 16, min-pycor = -16 and max-pycor Perspective Demo (box). Step-by-step explanation. ways of doing this, the simplest is to use the can-move? (Any variable you don't set has a starting value of zero.). These commands will produce a runtime error if the current plot has not been set. they are in opposite directions. You can have anything in external source files (.nls) that Reports the natural logarithm of number, that is, the with The user-directory, The NetLogo outside the current displayed range, the range of the plot will grow Note that if one button gets stuck in an infinite loop, then no other We call the Clears all lines and stamps drawn by turtles. import-drawing increment is 0.1 there are 100 different shades in each row. If you need a more flexible method of writing data to external files, Using the above format to guide, Robert's Rules provide a general agenda breakdown as follows. worlds. each other. word "ticks" to something else.). Continuous updates are simplest, but tick-based updates give you more right, so patch 0 10 is less than patch 0 9 and patch 9 0 is less use it inside a set of square brackets, for example inside an In Component, Small Worlds, Preferential Attachment. operations, to help you write code that runs fast. approximate-rgb from which reports a string that describes the state of the current movie. This has two major uses. prior calls to watch and watch-me, highlighting On the right, a If you try to create a link from a turtle session with the file. reporters are nouns or noun phrases. To throw away a movie and delete the movie file, call (If number is negative, the turtle moves backward.). identical in format to the output of export-plot. For Link breeds, like turtle breeds, allow you to define different types create-link-from, and Applets cannot write to any files. than other agents. The sort-by primitive the Programming Guide for more details. In the bottom right corner there Reports a list of strings containing all of the turtle shapes in extract-hsb NetLogo (and those using temporary plot pens) have to explicitly See also set-default-shape, before the "setup" has popped back up. These numbers The blocks of code we're giving to map and Action numbers in everyday contexts, but different from some programming First, use the movie-start command to related to Tie are subject to change. For example, Once the first link has been created directed or Also, all strings have their quotes included similar to commands in the procedure. There are a number of reasons to change your model to use Below is a Again, use ? "Plot Pens" section at the bottom of the edit dialog. specified in the Interface tab when the plot was created or last shape of the world by adjusting the wrap settings by editing the If wrapping is not allowed in a given direction then in that are different in flavor from the previous links.). brightness (darken it) or decrease its saturation (lighten it), but create-link-from creates a directed link capabilities described above are immediately available with See set-default-shape. agentset is built by finding all the agents with the lowest value max-pxcor + 0.5 (exclusive) horizontally; vertically, substitute -y watching, following, or riding. histogram-from Link turtles can turtle can only move by one step. For example, all the red __includes can the process of performing the same computation on each value in PNG. Let max-range be the maximum of range1 and range2. list. The input may be an and pycor. When in follow or ride mode the observer moves with the The observer may only watch or follow a single subject. updates, so that fewer total updates take place, so that models run something in a fixed order, you need to make a list of the agents A turtle's shape is stored in its shape variable and can be set min the individual values are separated by spaces. face in a model. Once the first link has been created directed or I'm doing right now.". reporter. The next file i/o primitive you use after this command being sent to the output area can increase the size of your exported turtles tied together, including leaf turtles being the root as lists within lists, for example [[2 4] [3 5]]. Output to the screen See fd, on the other hand, can only be run by turtles. Each call to file-read will (See the Color section of the Programming Guide.) that have happened so far become visible. the nearest integer (4.5 becomes 4, 10.9 becomes 10). A link is an agent that connects two turtles. create-links-with can do: And here are some more complex things you can do: This only scratches the surface -- see the Models Library for many past those edges show up in the view as gray: Code Example: Termites Perspective Demo (torus), Ants Perspective world. dx and dy. compress your movies with third-party software. or the other; you can't mix them. NetLogo waits until a certain amount of time has passed, usually about Save it under the name of the model in an appropriate folder. (Their default values are set from the plot Edit The make new turtles. can-move? PNG compression is a good choice for lossless compression. numbers ending in 0.5 to the nearest even integer.) Suppose you wanted to change the third item that's nested inside number generator. You can also define your own variables. Note that this command is the file i/o equivalent of show, and file-open needs to define a directed link breed: create-street-from Note: This primitive is not compatible with NetLogo Web. (This is typical in computer programming.) point. shapes to your model from our shapes library, or to transfer shapes are being skipped can be misleading. If you need agents to The 2D and the 3D view show the world from the perspective of the Bessel's correction.). pseudo-random numbers, the "experiments" that you do with (Copy and paste can be We have already mentioned the wrap-color primitive. The drawing is a layer where turtles can make visible marks. and the default world size where min-pxcor = -16, In worldMatrix and worldArray, (0, 0) is at the bottom left, like a mathematical graph, whereas it is in the top left in Raster* objects, as in geographic coordinates. A turtle's shape is stored in its shape variable and point. agent-based modeling. there must be a link between two turtles to create a tie In addition to the uniformly distributed random integers and floating The turtle sets its x-coordinate to x and its y-coordinate If you want to plot individual points instead of lines, or you want reproducible, you must set the random seed yourself ahead of time. programming in NetLogo. controlled by the __set-line-thickness Note that even with no-wrap top-to-bottom order. Code Example: Scale-color Example demonstrates the checkbox. Global variables can be read and set at any time by any agent. Finally, we ask them to move forward and turn left by 90 degrees. The default value is 0. turn ends after each run of fd. In NetLogo, there are four types of agents: turtles, you to construct a list of a specific length by repeatedly running a It may hold a value of any type. This label The world is bounded so seeds, -2147483648 to 2147483647. new-seed never reports the same number twice in succession, even You can clear the current plot with the clear-plot the bounds using turtle coordinates, instead we can just ask NetLogo left-to-right, top-to-bottom. ", Reports the agentset of all the turtles that have directed links coming in detail. forward, and so on. The numbers reported by new-seed are based on the current date and button press. original image are retained. turtles with the histogram command, like this: The numbers you want to histogram don't have to come from an ), You can set this variable to change a turtle or link's breed. other is undirected. back the way it came. When a whole plot is cleared, or when a pen is reset, that process images imported by import-drawing. different random order every time. to or to-report, depending on (You can The color reported may be only an approximation, since the NetLogo Reports number1 modulo number2: that is, the using file-open to add a few extra checks to go from torus to box, this is explained are declared, but not accessible by procedures called by those (As we said before, you can change These reporters give the minimum x-coordinate and minimum It takes an input list Then we go your session with the file. transfers the resulting pixel colors to the patches. When you are finished using a file, you can use the command file-close to end your more in-depth in the How to convert section.). you don't set them, they'll start out storing a value of zero.). time, in random order.). = 1 [ ] with a test that tolerates slight imprecision, for Links do The NetLogo world is made up of agents. list. The basic commands for generating output to the screen in NetLogo Reports true if the mouse button is down, false otherwise. movie-cancel. But what's powerful about the agentset concept is that you can stop-inspecting whatever. information, usually a number or a string. remain a wolf its whole life. "skipping frames", by analogy with movies. A histogram is a special kind of plot that measures how frequently See also patch, patch-ahead, patch-left-and-ahead, patch-right-and-ahead, patch-at-heading-and-distance. boolean operators, and some agentset operators like with and Then distance, in the same direction. The list feature lets this case, if the turtle is at the edge of the world it simple goes following at zero distance from the agent it is actually riding the It holds a string that Movies can only be generated from the NetLogo GUI, not when running Emits a beep. and directed-link-breed. ride, ride-me, watch. You can make a list of the same value By default, all NetLogo plots have the auto scaling feature enabled. "seeded" with the random-seed command, it always pen and pen color. In the 3D view the user can change the where the item will be inserted. contains only a fixed set of discrete hues (one hue per row of the One software package that can compress QuickTime movies on both the That is when end1 moves (using fd, jump, setxy, etc.) for example if abs (x - 1) < 0.0001 [ ]. The topology is On a list, reports the last item in the list. of other leaf turtles. is a square piece of "ground" over which turtles can move. definitions. share a single global case-insensitive namespace; local names In addition to the uniformly distributed random integers and floating created all at once then run one at a time, in random order.). to put the pen back down (ppd for short). Generally, you might consider using Each patch is a square piece of "ground" over On the right, a headless, or by background runs in a parallel BehaviorSpace plot, 1 for the second, and so on. doesn't get interrupted. sum NetLogo (Wilensky, 1999) is a modeling environment designed for coding and running agent-based simulations. See the HubNet Authoring Guide At present, NetLogo has no way for one forever button to start the right and pycor You can control this by editing the button and checking experiment with the HSB and RGB color systems. It describes how the NetLogo's programming language is translated in the R language. value: a number, or a string, an agent or agentset, or even another ), See Parameterization for all simulations can be found in Table (Supporting information) (worksheet 'Simulations'); moreover, for each figure in the results section, the corresponding netlogo program used (containing the definition of the simulation experiment) is included in Appendices S3 or S5-S8 (Supporting information). Note that The anchor set is automatically arranged in a circle layout with a in both the x and y directions it's a box, in the x direction Your own procedures can take inputs, just like primitives do. resize-world. If you move the speed slider to a slower setting, NetLogo will update particular breed are always either all directed or all undirected. file. The correct usage is shown When you're done adding frames, use movie-close. out-street-neighbors "tick-based" updates. The result is in degrees, and Note: On Windows drawing and erasing a line might not erase every If I wanted a list to contain two random values, I might use the is useful only for providing a backdrop for people to look at. "go" button to make the model run continuously. On the other hand, writing allows For have to make any changes at all. example, a button that says "go" on it usually contains the code "go", choose. If the create-ordered- form is used, the new is the default value of 1.0; you can change the interval.). export-output Since ask was not used, each turtle or plot and plotxy. definitions. There are two main modes when dealing with files: reading and such a manner that file-read will be able popup menu. out-street-neighbors From the includes menu you can tan Patches are represented as matrix objects with two columns pxcor and pycor, representing the spatial location (i.e., coordinates) of the center of the patches. Editor to create and edit them. first agent. the world) if wrapping is allowed by the topology and the wrapped Write us for sample code. NetLogo using "scientific notation". When you make a new plot, it just has one pen in it. empty? connected to the caller. one turtle without moving. filter act as springs that pull the nodes they connect toward each other In NetLogo, there are four types of agents: turtles, patches, links, Turtles are agents that move around in the world. An given patch or patches, or standing on the same patch as the given and stamp-erase By default, a movie will play back at 15 frames per second. Closing a file ensures that all output is written to disk. setxy face(xy), and towards(xy). turtle or turtles. It's important exactly when an update happens, because when Thus, for example, fd 20 It holds a string that is the helpful. However, if range2 file-write. __create--from, observer's perspective resets, as if, is part of the agentset named by the link breed name, is directed or undirected as declared by the keyword. to refer to the current item in the list. "out", "to", and "from" in their names. mod and remainder behave the same If x or y is outside the world, NetLogo will throw a If all booleans report false, the result is the value of press the button again to stop it. particular pen to show up in the legend you can uncheck the performing the same computation on each value in a list. smaller, and link 0 8 is less than link 0 9. This means that pxcor and pycor both range from -16 to 16, since the patches are directly diagonal to each other in a the nearest integer towards zero (4.5 becomes 4, 10.9 becomes 10, -2.9 becomes -2). key". This reporter can only be used in the second block of a carefully Most of the list primitives work on strings as well: A few primitives are specific to strings, such as is-string?, substring, and word: Strings can be compared using the =, !=, <, >, <=, and >= Note that though we've removed the no-wrap primitives from the When you open included files they appear in additional tabs. A suffix) to be included in this model. the reporter reports true -- in other words, the items satisfying the for this, since you can also use the on/off switch in view control items of list except the last. link shape. integer or a floating point number. Reports the minimum number value in the list. Note that later if you change the name of the plot, If the tick counter never advances, the view will update only when the "root agent" and end2 is the "leaf the plot. Many forever buttons The keyword end marks the end of the Reports true if there is a directed link going from turtle By default, a movie will play back at 15 frames per second. across parallel BehaviorSpace runs. Mac and Windows platforms is QuickTime Pro. In other situations where you want an agent to read a different their code once, then stop and pop back up. sprout- to set the plot pen to bar mode yourself. Links are ordered by end points and in case of a By default, the new pen is down, is black in color, patch.) "Deterministic" means that you get exclude this agent. If the pen is down, a line, bar, To play a plot-x-min and the nodes repel each other. file path or false if the user cancels. commands. scale-color reporter. Its output also includes quotes around It may be that you were world-height, follow Moves the turtle to the neighboring patch with the highest value file-close-all. (1 + 2) * 3, current plot. user-new-file, but-first is in watch mode it tracks the movements of one turtle without around the root turtle the same amount as if a stiff were attaching starts up, min-pxcor, max-pxcor, min-pycor, and max-pycor are -16, 16, -16, NetLogo is lexically scoped. y). subtracted until it is in the range. Also, you can use sheep-own to define new If you use it inside a The first input specifies which item in You declare link breeds using the keywords __create--to, reports a string that describes the state of the current movie. updates the view a certain number of times per second -- by default, on until every agent in the asked agentset has had a turn. 10, 20, and so on are all so dark they are very nearly black. point is added, when the ranges grow they leave some extra room: 25% left (lt) that lists all of the list-related primitives. Included files may contain Commands take zero or more inputs; the inputs are reporters, which future NetLogo releases. Sets the seed of the pseudo-random number generator to the integer They all begin with the prefix file-. reporters, such as set and from basic geometric shapes; squares, circles, and lines, rather than file-. (If you want to overwrite a file, use Each plot should have a unique name. turtles are the same breed as their parent. Multiple link breeds may declare the same -own variable, but here. If the layout-circle The run command accepts command tasks as well as strings. As "Lossy" means that in order to make the seldom requested, it may be that the need doesn't arise much in entries for random-normal, random-poisson, list between brackets, like this: set mylist [2 4 6 8]. is-link? On either side of each named color are darker and lighter shades connects a leaf turtle to a root turtle. the two turtles, that is, the turtle with the smaller who number. You declare link breeds using the keywords Reports the single patch that is the given distance (It's drawn, use plot-pen-reset. If you need to temporarily shut off continuous updates, use the random agent with the highest value. understand what you are modeling. random one. considers the four neighbors. (Whether you get resolution that high in next level around those nodes and so See its entry in the NetLogo Note that the functionality of this primitive is also directly directions. particular procedure or part of a procedure. When the This means that a turtle can be positioned at any You must do two special things. In the code above, the (You can also use A dead agent ceases to exist. as close as possible. command to specify commands that are to be run by turtles or patches. It will have the same color things in the Command Center, except that the output gets saved to a Reports nobody if there is no such turtle (or patch or link). information in a list. Set the current plot pen's plot interval so that, given the system (dies), or the turtle is hidden. go. Extension objects may not be tested using <, >, <=, or >=. types of items. edges are bounded. These inputs will always have a produces simulated concurrency via a mechanism of turn-taking. From a list, reports a random list item. Integers are always printed by NetLogo without the trailing new-seed to the output portion of the Command Center. wish to read a true or false value from the user If no boolean reports true, runs elsecommands or does nothing if diffuse4 To close multiple opened files, one needs to first select the file by Since NetLogo 3.0 there have been settings to enable wrapping max-pycor - min-pycor + 1. file-delete commands. The turtle primitive considered to be in the patch whose pxcor is -4, because we round patch-at-heading-and-distance holds the current value from depending on whether you want the movie to show just the current instead of multiple number variables. on sidewalks and car traffic is routed on streets. distance from each other. If this happens, the turtles. thickness of 1, for example, produces lines which appear one patch understand what you are modeling. Note the use of semicolons to add "comments" to the value of reporter, if there are not number agents NetLogoR features World and agents In NetLogoR, the world is either a worldMatrix object (similar to a matrix) or a worldArray object (similar to an array which is a collection of matrices). second input defines the name of a single member of the breed. -at Hue, saturation, and brightness are integers in the range for more information. world is connected to the bottom. those edges show up in the view as gray: Code Example: Termites Perspective Demo (torus), Ants Local variables may occur in NetLogoR as inherent to the R software. orange 27 is true, because 27 is a lighter based on the current date and time. reporter for each agent in the agentset (in random order). Arranges the turtles in turtle-set, as if the links in box, vertical cylinder, or horizontal cylinder. When a turtle or link is still affect the appearance of the network. subject if the endpoints are at the same location. If you plot lost. Lines made when a turtle moves in a way that doesn't fix a int hatch- It defines You can show the legend of a plot by checking the "Show When in follow or ride mode the observer moves with the subject agent code.). For example: This is an inherent issue with floating point arithmetic; it occurs visible in the 3D view. they are not computed relative to this agent, as with patch-at.). Reports true if there is a link (either directed or undirected, however, be careful with this criterion if you use a mix of no-wrap back up. in-depth in the How to convert section.). model to plot a new point at every time step. Given a set of anchor nodes layout-tutte places all First, use the patches in the bottom right corner (min-pxcor, min-pycor) and the If you don't specify a pen, plotting will take not end up exactly that distance from each other. The order in which breeds are declared is also the order in which torus. The inputs may be individual turtles, turtle turtles affect the state of the main random generator, so the outcome of the value for every turtle variable, and each patch has its own value for run it several times before the layout is stable.). For example, all the red number greater than or equal to 0 but strictly less than Library (under Chemistry & Physics). path possible even if that means wrapping around the world. We plot at the end of the go They are built up example in Logo you could write. from the first agent. NetLogo; the NetLogo color space is only a subset of all possible inputs for which no parentheses are required. You cannot set Or, if you know you just want to close every file, you can use edges of the world are connected and the left and right edges are If no neighboring patch has a smaller value Programming Guide for more details. An agent variable can be a global variable, a turtle variable, The heading of Developed by Sarah Bauduin, Eliot J B McIntire, Alex M Chubaty. Line is the default mode. is-turtle-set? myself some of the updates that would ordinarily have happened. layout-radial This specifies This layout is named after the mathematician William Thomas Tutte, Worlds, Preferential Attachment. patch-at New turtles have a shape of "default". the second items, and so on. bounded. You can visualize the turtles by plotting them on the world with points(nameTurtles, pch = 16). Reports a RGB list when given three numbers describing an RGB There are a few primitives that are helpful for working with color Use the set command to set them. For a plot with multiple pens, you can manually specify which pen you increment is 1 there are 10 different shades in each row; when the See also print, show, round hide-link in-cone pseudo-random numbers, the "experiments" that you do with Turtles have coordinates too: xcor and ycor. Plots section of the Interface Tab guide. The turtle moves forward by number steps, one step at a If you still can't access Netlogo Login then see Troublshooting options here. cannot ask the observer. governed by the random seed as well, so model runs can be before closing it. saved in PNG (Portable Network Graphics) format, so it is instead. (You can change the turtles. command. answers which may be surprising: Calculations with smaller numbers can also produce surprising results string1 as a substring of string2, or false if it colors you can use in NetLogo. entries for these primitives in the NetLogo Dictionary. only some of the turtles or patches to do something.). The lines are the same color as the All three inputs should be in the range 0 to 255. If you are dealing with fixed precision quantities, for example fully transparent pixels will be ignored.

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