Acknowledgements Collate acknowledgements in a separate section at the end of the article before the references and do not, therefore, include them on the title page, as a footnote to the title or otherwise. Both the naturally damaged hair and those partially damaged by bleach treatment showed gain in their diameter after keratin treatment. More information on how to remove field codes from different reference management software. Deutscher J. Elsevier collaborates with a number of repositories to link articles on ScienceDirect with relevant repositories, giving readers access to underlying data that gives them a better understanding of the research described. Color artwork Please make sure that artwork files are in an acceptable format (TIFF (or JPEG), EPS (or PDF) or MS Office files) and with the correct resolution. The peptide mass thus obtained were searched against the SWISS PROT and NCBI protein database using the MASCOT peptide mass fingerprint program from Matrix Science (http://www.matrixscience.com/wizard.html) and were further confirmed by MS-Fit program from Protein Prospector (http://prospector.ucsf.edu). Please check carefully before replying, as inclusion of any subsequent corrections cannot be guaranteed. The K31 treatment of the damaged hairs showed young modulus score of 12,256N/mm2, which is almost 2 fold higher as compared to that of the chemically damaged hair. This means that if an editor feels your manuscript is more suitable for an alternative journal, you might be asked to consider transferring the manuscript to such a journal. If no funding has been provided for the research, it is recommended to include the following sentence: Units Follow internationally accepted rules and conventions: use the international system of units (SI). We are always looking for ways to improve customer experience on Elsevier.com. At manuscript submission, authors must provide the CONSORT checklist accompanied by a flow diagram that illustrates the progress of patients through the trial, including recruitment, enrollment, randomization, withdrawal and completion, and a detailed description of the randomization procedure. Unless you have written permission from the patient (or, where applicable, the next of kin), the personal details of any patient included in any part of the article and in any supplementary materials (including all illustrations and videos) must be removed before submission. Article transfer service This journal uses the Elsevier Article Transfer Service to find the best home for your manuscript. (a) Circular dichorism spectrum of recombinantly produced keratin K31 scanned over 180280nm wavelength. Ethics in publishing Please see our information on Ethics in publishing. Please submit your material together with the article and supply a concise, descriptive caption for each supplementary file. The cells were harvested by centrifugation, re-suspended in 0.05M Tris buffer (pH 6.0) and lysed by sonication using a UP400S Ultraschall prozessor (Dr. Heilscher GmbH, Teltow, Germany) [17,18]. This increase is significantly higher than the previously reported increase in Youngs modulus gained after treatment with keratin peptides [33]. Read more about Elsevier on the topic of diversity. Do not allow your computer to introduce word splits and do not use a 'justified' layout. SDS PAGE analysis of proteins in E. coli cells expressing keratin K31. Schweizer J., Bowden P.E., Coulombe P.A., Langbein L., Lane E.B., Magin T.M., Maltais L., Omary M.B., Parry D.A.D., Rogers M.A., Wright M.W. Such abbreviations that are unavoidable in the abstract must be defined at their first mention there, as well as in the footnote. Sitemap. Results Results should be clear and concise. Abdul Basit, Faiza asghar, [], and M. Waheed Akhtar. The similarity in structural data obtained by CD spectrum analysis to that obtained by in silico analysis suggests that the keratin produced recombinantly was properly refolded into its native state. Please note that incorrect surnames, journal/book titles, publication year and pagination may prevent link creation. This work was carried out in the laboratories of School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Pakistan. Language (usage and editing services) Please write your text in good English (American or British usage is accepted, but not a mixture of these). They should be no longer than 4000 words and 40 references (as above, please note that word count also excludes tables, figures and legends). Citation of a reference as 'in press' implies that the item has been accepted for publication. While the Editor considers the request, publication of the manuscript will be suspended. Elsevier remains neutral with regard to any jurisdictional claims. The clinical trial registration number should be included at the end of the abstract of the article. When plates are required to fill the entire page, the originals should have the dimensions 215 x 285 mm and contain no essential information or labelling near the edges. Superscript Arabic numerals are used for such footnotes. The system converts your article files to a single PDF file used in the peer-review process. The [dataset] identifier will not appear in your published article. 3b). Application of keratin K31 in straightening curly hair. Keep text in the illustrations themselves to a minimum but explain all symbols and abbreviations used. 1). DNA sequences and GenBank Accession numbers Many Elsevier journals cite 'gene accession numbers' in their running text and footnotes. The Editor's decision is final. The hair sample with an average diameter 101m, on bleach treatment was reduced to an average of 94m. Recheck references in the text against reference list after your manuscript has been revised. The mechanical strength of the bleached hair increased by almost 2 fold after a single treatment of K31. Use a logical naming convention for your artwork files. You must not use coconut oil within the first 2 weeks of receiving a keratin treatment. Cookie Settings, Terms and ConditionsPrivacy PolicyCookie NoticeSitemap. Thanks in advance for your time. They should be prepared with black on white background, or be black-and-white images; they should be completely and consistently lettered, the size of the lettering being appropriate to that of the illustration, taking into account the necessary reduction in size.Illustrations should be designed to fit either a single column (84 mm wide) or the full text width (175mm). You can add your name between parentheses in your own script behind the English transliteration. Gene accession numbers refer to genes or DNA sequences about which further information can be found in the databases at the National Center for Biotechnical Information (NCBI) at the National Library of Medicine. To request such a change, the Editor must receive the following from the corresponding author: (a) the reason for the change in author list and (b) written confirmation (e-mail, letter) from all authors that they agree with the addition, removal or rearrangement. View full aims & scope. Do not include references to personal communications, unpublished data or manuscripts either 'in preparation' or 'submitted for publication'. Increased smoothness of the hair surfaces should make a significant contribution in not only improving their look but also in eliminating entanglement, if any, more easily. Sign in to view your account details and order history, Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance, 81 editors and editorial board members in 29 countries/regions, Gender Diversity Distribution of the Editors. Only if specifically requested by the journal in exceptional circumstances (for example if a legal issue arises) the author must provide copies of the consents or evidence that such consents have been obtained. Content should make no assumptions about the beliefs or commitments of any reader; contain nothing which might imply that one individual is superior to another on the grounds of age, gender, race, ethnicity, culture, sexual orientation, disability or health condition; and use inclusive language throughout. The statement that all authors have approved the final article should be true and included in the disclosure. Math formulae Please submit math equations as editable text and not as images. The CD analysis results showed that the K31 was properly refolded. If your data is unavailable to access or unsuitable to post, you will have the opportunity to indicate why during the submission process, for example by stating that the research data is confidential. Referees It is required that Authors provide a list of 4 or 5 potential reviewers (e-mail and phone number) who are knowledgeable in the subject matter, have no conflict of interest, and are likely to agree to review the manuscript. Any subsection may be given a brief heading. The rod domain (blue) shown is largely -helices, while the head (yellow) and the tail domains (red) are largely non-helical regions. The eluted fractions containing the desired protein, as shown by SDS-PAGE analysis, were pooled. As the medium have both glucose and lactose as carbon sources, E. coli shall utilize glucose first through carbon catabolite repression mechanism until it is exhausted followed by utilization of lactose as the carbon source [26]. If you use reference management software, please ensure that you remove all field codes before submitting the electronic manuscript. Written consents must be retained by the author but copies should not be provided to the journal. the display of certain parts of an article in other eReaders. Extraction of keratin protein from chicken feather. Yamaguchi H., Miyazaki M. Refolding techniques for recovering biologically active recombinant proteins from inclusion bodies. Featuring peer-reviewed and up to date research articles, reviews, short notes and hot topics JGAR covers the key topics related to antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal and antiparasitic resistance. Please note the format of such citations should be in the same style as all other references in the paper. Non-standard or uncommon abbreviations should be avoided in the abstract, but if essential they must be defined at their first mention in the abstract itself. Be sparing in the use of tables and ensure that the data presented in them do not duplicate results described elsewhere in the article. Graphical abstract Although a graphical abstract is optional, its use is encouraged as it draws more attention to the online article. Health outcomes include any biomedical or health-related measures obtained in patients or participants, including pharmacokinetic measures and adverse events. If you wish to make changes to supplementary material during any stage of the process, please make sure to provide an updated file. Chemical treatment of hair, such as bleaching, causes damage by penetrating deep within the hair fiber and cleaving keratin K31, which results in decreased tensile strength. Data linking If you have made your research data available in a data repository, you can link your article directly to the dataset. Hot topics: These tend to be invited papers but unsolicited Hot topics are welcome. Editable files (e.g., Word, LaTeX) are required to typeset your article for final publication. Graphical abstracts should be submitted as a separate file in the online submission system. Wilson R.H., Lewis H.B. Essential title page information Title. In order to help our reviewers please number each line of the manuscript. Permitted third party reuse of open access articles is determined by the author's choice of user license. Artwork Photographs should be presented as high quality jpg (jpeg) or tiff files with high contrast. Sadaf S., Khan M.A., Akhtar M.W. J Soc Cosmet Chem 42, 59-67. The untreated hair sample selected for tensile properties showed Youngs modulus 10,486N/mm2, which was reduced to 6595N/mm2 after the chemical treatment. Introduction State the objectives of the work and provide an adequate background, avoiding a detailed literature survey or a summary of the results. Klose D.P., Wallace B.A., Janes R.W. Present simple formulae in line with normal text where possible and use the solidus (/) instead of a horizontal line for small fractional terms, e.g., X/Y. Material and methods Provide sufficient details to allow the work to be reproduced by an independent researcher. The graphical abstract should summarize the contents of the article in a concise, pictorial form designed to capture the attention of a wide readership. If the funding source(s) had no such involvement, it is recommended to state this. Hair fibers have three basic morphological components [6], which are cuticle [7], cortex [8], and medulla [9]. Provide captions to illustrations separately. M: size marker, 1: uninduced cells; 2: induced cells; 3: cell lysate supernatant; 4: cell lysate pellet; 5: washed inclusion bodies; 6: washings; 7: refolded keratin K31. -lactamase nomenclatureFor -lactamase genes nomenclature (e.g., blaOXAn, blaTEMn), before assignment of a new name, authors are invited to follow the ASM/AAC guidelines available at the following link: https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/aac.00333-22. CDNN software analysis of the CD spectrum showed that K31 consisted of 64% -helices, 0.7% antiparallel -sheets, 3.3% parallel -sheets, 12.2% -turns and 11.7% random coils. Characters not available on your computer (Greek letters, mathematical symbols, etc.) Web references As a minimum, the full URL should be given and the date when the reference was last accessed. These findings show the potential of K31 in the development of hair care and styling products. In Coldspring Laboratory Press, NY Google Scholar: 2001. Abdul, B.; W., A. M., Truncation of the processive Cel5A of Thermotoga maritima results in soluble expression and several fold increase in activity. The sonicated mixture was centrifuged at 7000rpm (8983 x G) for 30minK31 expressed as inclusion bodies were washed thrice with wash buffer (pH 7.5) containing 0.05M Tris-Cl, 5mM EDTA and 0.5% Triton-X100 to remove the cell debris. BE675048 ), and a T-cell lymphoma (GenBank accession no. Here are the reasons why: Coconut oil is heavy. The purified protein was thus confirmed to be keratin K31 (Fig. Letters: Headings should not be used in a letter; no abstract or keywords are required. The inoculum was prepared by cultivation of the selected transformant in LB broth containing 100g ml1 ampicillin to an OD600 1.0. Ensure consistency of abbreviations throughout the article. Tensile property of the hairs was determined using guidelines outlined in ASTM D1445-95 for fibre tensile testing. The ePub format is best viewed in the iBooks reader. Five hairs of each sample including unbleached, bleach-treated and bleached hair treated with keratin K31, each of approximately 90mm in length, were subjected for tensile strength measurement using an instron 4505 testometric material testing machine (Rochdale, Lancashire, England). The alkali treated hair sample, however, when washed with plain water retained its curly form. Please include the DOI of the deposited dataset(s) in your main manuscript file. The datasets will be listed and directly accessible to readers next to your published article online. 2018 Dec; 20: e00288. Barba C., Scott S., Roddick-Lanzilotta A., Kelly R., Manich A.M., Parra J.L., Coderch L. Restoring important hair properties with wool keratin proteins and peptides. The text should be no more than 800 words; there should be a maximum of 5 references and one table or figure may be included. Authors should include a statement in the manuscript that informed consent was obtained for experimentation with human subjects. For more information, visit the Data Statement page. The human keratin K31 being a major constituent of human hair and having high level of similarity with the rest of the human hair keratin types [34,35], would make it more effective in hair improvement. To avoid unnecessary errors you are strongly advised to use the 'spell-check' and 'grammar-check' functions of your word processor. Similarly, the force required to break the hair before and after the chemical treatment was 20N and 11N, respectively. Each spectrum obtained was the average of two consecutive scans with a 1nm bandwidth. The text should be in single-column format. Mendeley Data This journal supports Mendeley Data, enabling you to deposit any research data (including raw and processed data, video, code, software, algorithms, protocols, and methods) associated with your manuscript in a free-to-use, open access repository. Provide the full postal address of each affiliation, including the country name and, if available, the e-mail address of each author. Corresponding author. In the final version of the printed article, the accession number text will not appear bold or underlined. Data statement To foster transparency, we encourage you to state the availability of your data in your submission. Type the reference list with double spacing on a separate sheet. If you agree, your manuscript will be transferred, though you will have the opportunity to make changes to the manuscript before the submission is complete. (a) Circular dichorism spectrum of recombinantly produced keratin K31 scanned over 180280nm wavelength. The expressed protein was refolded and purified by FPLC using an anion-exchange column. Sinclair R., Flagler M., Jones L., Rufaut N., Davis M. The proteomic profile of hair damage. The mechanisms of carbon catabolite repression in bacteria. (a) Untreated curly hair; (b) curly hair after alkali treatment and washing; (c) alkali treated and washed hair after keratin K31 treatment. Please clearly indicate the given name(s) and family name(s) of each author and check that all names are accurately spelled. To facilitate reproducibility and data reuse, this journal also encourages you to share your software, code, models, algorithms, protocols, methods and other useful materials related to the project. Urea and other reagents were removed by dialysis against 0.05M Tris buffer, lowering the pH to 7.5 in a step-wise manner [19]. The hair sample after treating with 10% bleach solution [24] for 1h in shaking incubator was rinsed with water and then air dried. Size the illustrations close to the desired dimensions of the published version. Authors who have video or animation files that they wish to submit with their article are strongly encouraged to include links to these within the body of the article. Registration of clinical trials Registration in a public trials registry is a condition for publication of clinical trials in this journal in accordance with International Committee of Medical Journal Editors recommendations. The refolded K31protein was purified by anion exchange chromatography using Hi Trap QFF- 1ml column on fast performance liquid chromatography (FPLC) system, AKTA purifier (GE healthcare, United Kingdom). However, at industrial level the keratins used are obtained mostly from non-human sources like chicken feather, wool, etc. The manuscript should be in line with the Recommendations for the Conduct, Reporting, Editing and Publication of Scholarly Work in Medical Journals and aim for the inclusion of representative human populations (sex, age and ethnicity) as per those recommendations. We are experimenting with display styles that make it easier to read articles in PMC. Research data refers to the results of observations or experimentation that validate research findings. All correspondence, including notification of the Editor's decision and requests for revision, is sent by e-mail. Using citation plug-ins from these products, authors only need to select the appropriate journal template when preparing their article, after which citations and bibliographies will be automatically formatted in the journal's style. However, our study shows that bleaching decreases the strength as well as the diameter of the hair and this strength and diameter is regained and increased after treatment with intact keratin K31, produced in E. coli. Barba C., Mart M., Roddick-Lanzilotta A., Manich A., Carilla J., Parra J.L., Coderch L. Effect of wool keratin proteins and peptides on hair water sorption kinetics. Proofreading is solely your responsibility. Formatting of funding sources List funding sources in this standard way to facilitate compliance to funder's requirements: Funding: This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health [grant numbers xxxx, yyyy]; the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, WA [grant number zzzz]; and the United States Institutes of Peace [grant number aaaa]. If there are preprints that are central to your work or that cover crucial developments in the topic, but are not yet formally published, these may be referenced. Authors should fully disclose all posting in registries of results of the same or closely related work. The Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance (JGAR) is a quarterly online Open Access journal run by an international Editorial Board that focuses on the global spread of antibiotic-resistant microbes. Be sparing with abbreviations: only abbreviations firmly established in the field may be eligible. Bhm G., Muhr R., Jaenicke R. Quantitative analysis of protein far UV circular dichroism spectra by neural networks. Appropriate consents, permissions and releases must be obtained where an author wishes to include case details or other personal information or images of patients and any other individuals in an Elsevier publication. A MASCOT score greater than 67 is significant (p<0.05), whereas protein identification with scores lower than 67 are considered positive if they also showed a minimum of six matched peptides or a sequence coverage of over 20%. Enhanced expression and activity yields of Clostridium thermocellum xylanases without non-catalytic domains. We recommend avoiding the use of descriptors that refer to personal attributes such as age, gender, race, ethnicity, culture, sexual orientation, disability or health condition unless they are relevant and valid. (the abstract is not included in section numbering). Keep the layout of the text as simple as possible. Agar plates supplemented with 100g ml1 ampicillin were used for selection of transformed colonies. The selection of K31 was influenced on the basis of the 2D-gel analysis of proteins eluted from the hair damaged by conventional chemical cosmetic treatment, which showed that K31 was the its major component [11]. Studier F.W. The authors have declared no conflict of interest. In particular, do not use the options to justify text or to hyphenate words. Use decimal points (not commas); use a space for thousands (10 000 and above).Provide the following data in your submission (in the order given). The objective of this study was to produce recombinant K31 in a native form and study its role in the treatment of naturally and chemically damaged hairs. Each heading should appear on its own separate line. should not be left open but indicated by a unique code (e.g., gralpha, @, #, etc., for the Greek letter). Application of K31 to the chemically damaged hair also resulted in significant increase in their diameter, tensile strength and surface smoothness. Previously a preparation of keratin peptides of thirteen amino acids in an organic solvent was reported to straighten the curly hair, with improved diameter and tensile strength [25]. Submitted supplementary items are published exactly as they are received (Excel or PowerPoint files will appear as such online). Plowman J.E. If other units are mentioned, please give their equivalent in SI. If your computer features the option to save files 'in flat ASCII', please do not use it.Please write your text in good English (American or British usage is accepted, but not a mixture of these). Supply captions separately, not attached to the figure. Dawber R. Hair: its structure and response to cosmetic preparations. Analysis of tryptic digests of keratin K31 by Mass Spectroscopy produced a MASCOT score of 76, while 8 peptides were matched and the protein sequence coverage was 28%. Highlights Highlights are mandatory for this journal as they help increase the discoverability of your article via search engines. It is important to ensure that all corrections are sent back to us in one communication.
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